Ответственность за мошенничество ложится на жертву - статья Times с русскоязычными "подсказками"

How to get safe online

Banks are taking a harder line with (занимают более жесткие позиции по отношению к) customers who fall victim to internet fraudsters (павшим жертвам Интернет-мошенников).

Customers using their credit or debit cards online have been advised (были поставлены в известность) that high street banks (ведущие банки – с большим количеством отделений) are likely to become increasingly reluctant (вероятно, станут с еще большей неохотой) to help victims of internet fraud (мошенничества) as new rules added (правила, добавленные) to the Banking Code signal less willingness to cover losses (свидетельствуют об уменьшении желания покрывать убытки).

The updated code (пересмотренный/обновленный кодекс), which covers (здесь: охватывает) the banks' treatment of customers (обращение/обхождение банков с клиентами), came into effect (вступил в силу) last month and states (гласит) that victims of online fraud must have up-to-date (современный) antivirus and antispyware software (программы, защищающие от шпионажа) installed, plus a personal firewall, to claim redress from (чтобы [иметь право] потребовать компенсации/возмещения от) their banks. If you fail to have the correct protection in place (если у вас нет в наличии необходимой защиты), the banks are increasingly likely to refuse any claim for a refund (с все большей вероятностью отклонят требование возврата денег).

The more hardline stance (бескомпромиссные позиции) has been introduced as figures reveal (цифры/данные показывают) that cases of fraudsters trying to steal bank details using bogus (фиктивные) e-mails have tripled (утроились) over the past year. Apacs, the UK payments authority, says that there were 10,235 reported cases (зарегистрированных случаев) of this type of fraud - known as phishing (известного как «фишинг» - мошенничество, направленное на получение банковских конфиденциальных данных клиентов с целью хищения денег, как правило, с помощью компьютерных технологий) - in the first three months of the year, against 3,394 in the first quarter of last year.

Experts are concerned (обеспокоены) that many internet users are putting themselves at huge financial risk (подвергают себя огромным финансовым рискам). Kevin Mountford, of Moneysupermarket.com, the comparison website, says: “If people do not have adequate protection (достаточной защиты) on their computers, the consequences (последствия) could be devastating (опустошительными/ужасающими). Consumers lost £22.6 million to online banking fraud (в результате банковских Интернет-мошенничеств) last year.”

Until now (до настоящего времени), banks and building societies (строительные кооперативные товарищества) have covered almost all losses (покрывали почти все убытки) caused (порожденные/вызванные) by internet fraud, even when adequate protection was not in place. Although banks will look at internet losses case by case (с учетом обстоятельств каждого случая) , Tim Pie, of HSBC, says: “Customers do have a responsibility (обязанность) to take reasonable steps (предпринять рациональные шаги) to protect themselves against (чтобы защитить себя от) fraud. The Banking Code now gives guidance (дает указания) on what those reasonable measures are (что представляют собой эти рациональные/разумно необходимые меры).”

While (хотя) some banks provide limited software or other devices (устройства) to help to protect customers online - Barclays, for example, provides free antivirus software - individuals cannot rely on these measures alone (не могут полагаться только на эти меры). Jerome Law, of Trend Micro, a security company, says that there are three essentials (основных пункта) that online shoppers must consider (принять во внимание).

First, make sure (убедитесь) that you have antivirus and antispyware software, a personal firewall and protection against spam and phishing e-mails. Secondly, ensure (удостоверьтесь) that the software is compatible (совместимо) with your operating system, such as Windows XP. Thirdly, look at how you use your computer and work out whether you require (решите, требуется ли вам) additional protection. For example, if your children use the internet, you may want to impose parental controls (установить родительский контроль) on their access to the web.

Once (как только) you have the correct software installed, update (обновляйте) it regularly. Check the websites of the software companies for updates to download (обновления, предлагаемые для скачивания). You also need to update your applications (прикладные программы) and operating system on your computer to block new threats (чтобы блокировать новые угрозы). You can download these updates online. For Windows, go to www.update.microsoft.com and follow the instructions. This site enables (дает возможность) your computer to download and install updates automatically as they become available (становятся доступными). For Office applications, such as Word and Excel, go to www.office.microsoft.com.

The Banking Code does not mention any specific scams or viruses, but there are several common activities to guard against (распространенных действий, которых [нужно] остерегаться). Phishing e-mails urge (мошеннические электронные письма призывают) you to click on a link that takes you to a fake website (поддельные/фиктивные сайты), which looks identical to (похожими на/идентичными) an official bank site. You are then asked to verify (подтвердить), or update (обновить), personal security information. By doing so, you are giving your information to the fraudster (мошеннику) who has created the fake website (создавшему поддельный сайт). The fraudster then uses the details to access your online bank account (для доступа к вашему on-line счету) and take your money.

Sandra Quinn, of Apacs, says: “Phishing scams (мошеннические проделки) continue to grow in number and are becoming ever more sophisticated (все более изощренными). The advice is simple: always be suspicious of unsolicited e-mails (с подозрением относитесь к незапрашиваемым письмам) that claim to be from your bank (которые, якобы, направлены вашим банком). Remember that your bank will never send e-mails asking you to disclose (раскрыть/огласить) your PIN, login details (данные для входа в систему) or complete passwords. If you receive an e-mail of this nature, delete (удалите) it.”

As well as (здесь: помимо) fake banking websites, fraudsters clone popular internet shopping sites to obtain customers' bank details. Internet users input (вводят) financial information on these cloned sites, believing that they are buying a product from the real store. Some fake sites will even take you back to the real site once you have entered (как только вы ввели) your bank details. Neil Munroe, of Equifax, the credit reference agency, says: “The sites can look incredibly (потрясающе/неимоверно) realistic and it is often difficult to tell that you are on a cloned site.”

To avoid such dodgy sites (чтобы избежать таких хитроумных сайтов), look for a padlock symbol (символ «замок») at the bottom right of the browser window, and for the website address to begin with “https://”. Do not be fooled (не обманывайтесь) by a padlock that appears on the web page itself - it must be in the window frame of the browser. Mr Munroe says: “If you do not know the precise (точного) address of a website, find it through a reliable (надежного) search engine (поискового сервера), such as Google, rather than through unsolicited, or spam, e-mails (а не через незапрашиваемые вами, или спамовые, сообщения).”

“Trojans” are a virus that can be installed on your computer without you realising (так, что вы не будете знать об этом). There were 33,000 reported cases of banking-related Trojans in February alone, according to Trend Micro. Mark Bowerman, of BankSafeonline.org.uk, a UK banking initiative to promote better security, says: “Trojans can install a keystroke logger (самописец нажатия клавиш), which captures keystrokes («считывает» нажатия клавиш) on your keyboard (клавиатуре), allowing fraudsters to see passwords and other confidential information as you type.”


The minimum requirements
Here are the key definitions (ключевые понятия) of what you need on your computer under the new Banking Code.
Firewall: a barrier (барьер) between the public internet and your private computer system. It stops hackers breaking into (препятствует проникновению хакеров в) your computer system. It can also stop some viruses, called worms (называемых «червями»), that spread (передаются) from computer to computer over the internet.

Antivirus software: protects your computer from viruses, which can lead to identity theft (краже личных данных), loss of data or a slow or unusable computer. Antivirus software scans incoming e-mails for attached (прикрепленные) viruses, monitors files as they are opened or created to make sure (чтобы удостовериться) that they are not infected (заражены) and performs (выполняет) periodic scans of your computer.

Antispyware: blocks spy viruses (вирусы-шпионы) that allow fraudsters to view what you are doing online. Spy viruses scan your hard disk for private data, such as credit card numbers; log the keys you type (регистрирует нажимаемые клавиши), to obtain passwords (чтобы перехватить пароли) or credit card numbers; and take screen shots of the websites that you visit, to capture personal information from them. Spyware (программа-шпион) then uploads (пересылает) the details to criminals over the internet. Spy viruses, known as Trojans, can be blocked with antispyware software, yet Apacs says that one in three people fails to install it.