Статья о казахстанских банках из Financial Times с русскими эквивалентами сложных фраз

Credit crisis shakes Kazakh banks

By Isabel Gorst in Moscow
March 10 2008

Kazakh banks, which over the last few years have lapped up (поглощали) cheap foreign loans to finance a consumer boom (бум потребительских расходов) driven (подстегиваемый) by the country's soaring (стремительно растущими) oil revenues (доходами от продажи нефти), have been hit hard by the global credit squeeze (ужесточение кредита/высокая стоимость займов).
In the wake of (в результате) the US subprime crisis, the country's banks were abandoned (были брошены) holding more than $40bn of foreign debt (внешнего долга), some $12bn of which falls due (подлежат погашению) this year.
Standard & Poor's, which earlier shifted to (изменило на) "negative" its outlook (прогноз) for eight Kazakh banks, warned last month that, with credit and liquidity likely to remain tight (здесь: труднодоступными/ограниченными) throughout (на всем протяжении) 2008 and possibly into 2009, the crisis had not yet run its course.
"Asset quality, liquidity, profitability and business dynamism are areas particularly (особенно) vulnerable to (уязвимы перед) banking sector turbulence," S&P noted.
Nursultan Nazarbayev’s … pledge (обещание) that no big bank will be allowed to fail (ни одному крупному банку не позволят потерпеть крах) is credible (заслуживает доверия) given (учитывая) the country's strong financial position. Some $40bn is accumulated in central bank reserves and the national fund, a growing stash (касса/тайник) of windfall (неожиданных) oil profits.
But analysts say the financial squeeze (финансовые затруднения) may persuade more Kazakh banks to sell equity (акции) to foreign investors.
Oksana Reinhardt, a financial analyst at ING, says that while (хотя) she does not expect any of the Kazakh banks to default, "there may be some reshuffling (перестановки) in the ranks of the top banks".
The timing of the crisis was unlucky for Kazkommertsbank, Kazakhstan's biggest bank, which faces larger, more immediate (безотлагательные) debt repayment obligations (обязательства по погашению долга) than its peers (равные по возможностям [другие банки]), according to Ms Reinhardt.
BTA, another Kazakh lender, is better positioned (занимает более крепкие позиции) because it is diversified geographically. While Halyk, the former state savings bank, is expected to gain ground at the expense of (за счет) others thanks to its low debts and loyal depositors.
However, the credit squeeze could hit Kazakhstan's smaller banks. Analysts expect to see them either disappear altogether (совсем) or be forced into tie-ups to survive (будут вынуждены образовывать альянсы ради выживания).
Several foreign banks, earlier denied access (которым ранее было отказано в доступе) to the Kazakh market, are poised (готовы) to swoop on («спикировать» на) troubled assets. Analysts think that strategic foreign partnerships would be beneficial (выгодны) for Kazakh banks - bringing money, risk mitigation (минимизацию рисков) and know-how. Unicredit of Italy, which bought ATF for $2.2bn last year, is the only foreign bank to have taken over (купивший) a Kazakh bank so far (пока/к настоящему моменту).
Meanwhile (тем временем), Kazakhstan's top banks are against selling strategic stakes while valuations (оценка [стоимости]) are low. But smaller players are thought to be more open to a takeover (более расположены к поглощениям).
South Korea's Kookmin Bank is in talks with CenterCredit, Kazakhstan's sixth-largest bank, about a possible acquisition (приобретении). CenterCredit has said its strategy for several years had been to find a strategic partner to support its business in Kazakhstan where it accounts for (где на его долю приходится) 11 per cent of retail lending.
There has also been speculation (теории/предположения) that Kazakh subsidiaries (филиалы) of foreign banks may grasp market share (захватить долю рынка) from indebted (имеющих задолженности) local competitors. Sberbank and VTB, Russia's two state banks, have both recently opened subsidiaries in Kazakhstan. South Korean banks, including Woori and Shinhan also plan to enter the country.
In the meantime (тем временем), most Kazakh banks accept (признают) that borrowing terms (условия заимствования) will be tough (жесткими/тяжелыми) for some time and are concentrating on collecting loans and attracting deposits. George Iosifyan, a managing director at BTA, one of Kazakhstan's top three banks, said: "We are not borrowing at 13 per cent. Forget it."
The government is providing banks with short term liquidity (предоставляет банкам краткосрочную ликвидность), but longer term support (долгосрочная поддержка) is only available if shareholders first inject (вольют) their own capital and sell foreign assets. Prevention (предотвращение) of moral hazard (риска недобросовестности – т.е. риска безответственного или, в зависимости от ситуации, недобросовестного финансового поведения), a term unheard during the years of giddy (головокружительного) bank borrowing, is now a cornerstone (краеугольный камень/основа) of financial policy.
One of the biggest risks for Kazakh banks is their exposure to (здесь: участие в [кредитовании/гарантиях]) construction and real estate, the sectors worst hit by the credit crunch (ограничение кредита/нехватка кредитов).
After several years of runaway (безудержного) growth, real estate prices are falling in some segments.
Banks have cut lending to construction projects and are offloading («сгружают») mortgages (ипотечные кредиты) on the state Kazakhstan Mortgage Company.
The government is expected to exert stricter control (установить более жесткий контроль) over the banks in future. Andre Kuusvek, the director of the EBRD in Kazakhstan, claims (заявляет) that "the worst is over", adding that the government's response (ответная реакция) has been "adequate".