статья из Economist для intermediate и выше с подсказками на русском

Foreign carmakers seem unable to stop knock-offs (копии с авторской модели) of their cars being made
COPYING in China goes far beyond fake (поддельные) DVDs, watches and handbags. “We can copy everything except your mother,” goes a saying in Shanghai. Fake Cisco network routers (маршрутизаторы) (known as “Chisco's”) and mobile phones that look like the latest offerings from Nokia can all be easily found.
Of all the products to copy, however, a car is surely the most complicated (сложная). Cars consist of around 6,000 precisely manufactured components made from a range of different materials. For a car to be cheap, reliable and long-lasting (долговечный), says conventional (традиционный) industry economics (здесь: экономический анализ), these parts need to be put together in factories with huge volumes, lots of expensive machinery and many well-trained engineers.
So it came as a surprise when counterfeit (поддельные) cars started to appear in China eight years ago. Early VW look-alikes («копии»/»двойники») were soon followed by the infamous (пользующиеся дурной репутацией) Chery QQ. It appeared six months ahead of the car it copied, the Chevy Spark, because a Chinese firm somehow got hold of the blueprints (чертежи).
What was once a trickle (струйка) has since become a stream (поток). Toyota's badge, Honda's name (which became “Hongda” for motorcycles) and Nissan's bumpers have all been the subject of legal wrangles (споры). Shuanghuan Automobile got into trouble for copying Audi's famous four-ring logo a few years ago. It then copied the design of Honda's CR-V, called it the SR-V and appears to have won the subsequent legal tussle (борьба). Last month the firm won an export licence, and it plans to start shipping another model, the CEO —a sport-utility vehicle (полноприводный автомобиль на шасси легкового) with a striking resemblance (потрясающее сходство) to the BMW X5—to Romania and Italy.
DaimlerChrysler's small two-seater Smart car seems to have become especially popular. In January Shuanghuan launched an electric version, called the Dushi Mini. After Daimler threatened to sue, the car was temporarily (временно) withdrawn. A spokesman for the Chinese firm said he had been surprised by the way his car resembled the original, explaining that the company had simply copied a toy car. Shandong Huoyun is now redesigning its car in preparation for a relaunch later this year.
So far, legal action (судебные иски) by foreign firms has proved nearly useless. The many writs (судебные предписания), injunctions (судебные запреты) and court cases have become embroiled in legal machinations, been thrown out on technical grounds or failed because foreign firms had not properly registered their designs. Foreign carmakers are reluctant to make too much of a fuss, lest they be excluded from a fast-growing market or generate unwelcome negative publicity.
The great mystery about these copycat (поддельный) cars is their price. Chinese counterfeiters obviously save on research and development costs, but they still have to buy steel and other materials at market prices. Most of them make cars in very small volumes, so there are no economies of scale (экономия за счет масштаба производства). That they can sell these cars for half the price of the originals suggests that something odd (странное) is going on. They either do not know their own costs (a distinct possibility), have revolutionised carmaking (highly unlikely) or are being subsidised in some way. For the time being, no one knows.